Explore the intersection of artificial intelligence and law. This hub offers insights into regulations, confidentiality, and copyright in the context of AI.
AI Laws & Regulations
Tracking the evolving landscape of AI regulation worldwide
The landscape of AI regulation is rapidly evolving. U.S. regulation consists primarily of state laws focusing on specific AI applications and risks. The EU, however, has passed a comprehensive AI Act. This resource is designed to help AI practitioners track AI laws in the US and globally.
Key Regulatory Trends
Several trends are emerging in AI regulation. First, there's a strong focus on transparency and disclosure, particularly around AI-generated content and automated decision-making. California's AI Transparency Act and similar laws require clear disclosures when AI systems interact with consumers. Second, employment-related AI regulation is gaining traction, with states like Illinois and New York City implementing strict requirements for AI use in hiring and workplace decisions. Third, there's growing regulation of AI-generated content, particularly in political advertising and digital replicas, as evidenced by laws in Florida, New Mexico, and California.
For AI developers and companies deploying AI systems, compliance requirements vary significantly by jurisdiction and use case. High-risk AI applications, particularly those used in employment, healthcare, or political contexts, face the strictest oversight.
Key Takeaway for Industry
Organizations developing or deploying AI should implement a systematic approach to tracking and complying with relevant regulations across jurisdictions. Given the rapid evolution of AI law, maintaining compliance may require regular assessment of AI systems against new requirements, particularly around transparency, fairness, and documentation.
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California AI Transparency Act (SB 942)
Requires developers of widely used AI systems to provide AI-detection tools and watermarking capabilities.
Key Provisions:
- Applies to AI systems with over 1M monthly users
- Requires free AI-detection tools for image/video/audio content
- Mandates watermarking of AI-generated content
- Requires disclosure of AI system interactions with customers
- $5,000 per violation per day penalty
Digital Replica Protection (AB 2602 & AB 1836)
Protects individuals from unauthorized use of their voice and likeness through digital replicas.
Key Provisions:
- Requires specific contract provisions for digital replica usage
- Grants rights to estates for 70 years after death
- Minimum $10,000 damages for violations
- Includes fair use exemptions for news and commentary
BOT Disclosure Law (SB 1001)
Requires disclosure of bot use in commercial or political contexts.
Key Provisions:
- Applies to websites with 10M+ monthly US visitors
- Requires clear disclosure of automated accounts
- Covers sales and electoral influence attempts
- No private right of action
AI Consumer Protection Act (SB24-205)
Establishes comprehensive framework for regulating high-risk AI systems.
Key Provisions:
- Requires reasonable care to prevent algorithmic discrimination
- Mandates impact assessments for high-risk systems
- Requires public disclosure of risk management approaches
- AG enforcement only, no private right of action
AI-Generated Election Content Law (HB1147)
Regulates use of AI-generated content in political communications.
Key Provisions:
- Requires disclosure of AI-generated content in political ads
- Prohibits deceptive deepfakes of candidates
- Provides civil action rights for affected candidates
- Includes penalties for violations
Public Act No. 23-196
Establishes state working group to assess AI system use.
Key Provisions:
- Creates AI task force
- Evaluates state agency AI use
- Focuses on preventing discrimination
- Develops best practices for AI deployment
Political Advertisement Disclosure Act (HB 919)
Requires disclosure of AI use in political advertisements.
Key Provisions:
- Mandates clear disclaimers for AI-generated content
- Applies to political ads and communications
- Requires specific formatting of disclaimers
- Includes civil and criminal penalties
Optometry AI Assessment Act (HB 203)
Regulates use of AI in optometry practices.
Key Provisions:
- Permits AI use for eye assessments under specific conditions
- Requires traditional examination within past two years
- Prohibits AI-only prescriptions
- Mandates professional oversight
AI Video Interview Act
Regulates use of AI in employment video interviews.
Key Provisions:
- Requires notice of AI use to applicants
- Mandates explanation of AI evaluation methods
- Requires consent from applicants
- Annual demographic reporting requirements
AI Employment Decision Act (HB 3773)
Regulates use of AI in employment decisions.
Key Provisions:
- Prohibits using AI to discriminate based on protected classes
- Bans use of ZIP codes as proxies for race
- Requires notice of AI use to employees
- Department of Human Rights enforcement
Facial Recognition for Employment (HB 1202)
Regulates use of facial recognition in hiring.
Key Provisions:
- Requires consent for facial recognition use
- Applies to pre-employment interviews
- Mandates written consent
- Includes civil penalties
State Agency AI Assessment (SB 818)
Requires assessment of state agency AI systems.
Key Provisions:
- Mandates AI system assessments
- Requires higher education AI policies
- Sets procurement standards
- Establishes oversight mechanisms
AI Political Advertisement Act (HB 182)
Requires disclosure of AI use in political advertisements.
Key Provisions:
- Mandates clear disclaimers for AI-generated content
- Requires specific disclaimer formatting
- Applies to various media types
- Includes enforcement provisions
NYC Local Law 144
Regulates automated employment decision tools in NYC.
Key Provisions:
- Requires annual bias audits
- Mandates public posting of results
- 10-day advance notice to candidates
- Alternative evaluation process requirement
ELVIS Act
Protects voices from unauthorized AI replication.
Key Provisions:
- Prohibits unauthorized voice replication
- Classifies violations as Class A misdemeanors
- Provides civil action rights
- Protects performer likeness rights
AI Act
First comprehensive AI law globally, using risk-based approach to regulate AI systems.
Key Provisions:
- Categorizes AI systems by risk level: unacceptable, high, limited, minimal
- Bans certain AI practices like social scoring
- Strict requirements for high-risk AI systems
- Transparency obligations for certain AI systems like chatbots
- Fines up to €35M or 7% of global revenue
AI Regulation White Paper Framework
Establishes principles-based framework for AI regulation across sectors.
Key Provisions:
- Five principles for AI development and deployment
- Sector-specific regulatory approach
- Focus on transparency and safety
- Emphasis on innovation-friendly regulation
Generative AI Regulations
Regulates development and use of generative AI systems.
Key Provisions:
- Required registration of generative AI services
- Content monitoring requirements
- User data protection measures
- Algorithmic transparency obligations
AI Governance Guidelines
Establishes voluntary guidelines for AI development and deployment.
Key Provisions:
- Social principles for AI development
- Risk management framework
- Focus on human-centric AI
- Industry-specific implementation guidance
Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA)
Establishes requirements for development and deployment of high-impact AI systems.
Key Provisions:
- Risk assessment requirements
- Transparency obligations
- Record-keeping requirements
- Penalties for non-compliance up to 3% of global revenue
AI Framework Law (Bill 21/20)
Establishes foundational principles for AI development and use.
Key Provisions:
- Ethical principles for AI development
- Rights protection framework
- Governance structure for AI oversight
- Focus on transparency and accountability
OECD AI Principles
First international standards for trustworthy AI development.
Key Provisions:
- Principles for responsible AI stewardship
- Focus on human-centered values
- Transparency and explainability requirements
- Recommendations for national policies
UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation
Global framework for ethical AI development and deployment.
Key Provisions:
- Values-based principles for AI governance
- Focus on human rights protection
- Environmental sustainability considerations
- Gender equality promotion in AI
Additional Resources
This page focuses on enacted legislation directly affecting AI development and deployment. For information about proposed legislation or related privacy laws with AI implications, please contact our office.